ADC Practice Question — BBFE First Aid & Risk Assessment

What are the relative transmission risks for HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B from a single needlestick injury?

Infection control in the ADC exam tests decision-making around exposure incidents, instrument classification, and decontamination protocols. This exam-level vignette tests your ability to work through clinical details and arrive at the correct management.

You have sustained a deep sharps injury from a blood-contaminated instrument. What are the relative transmission risks for HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B from a single needlestick injury?

A. Hepatitis viruses cannot be transmitted through needlestick injuries
B. HIV carries the highest transmission risk
C. HIV risk is approximately 3 per 1000 injuries.
D. All three viruses carry equal transmission risk

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Sources cited

Therapeutic Guidelines v4 Odell's 3rd & 4th Ed IADT 2020 Code of Conduct CMS (Evans) Infection Control + more

Show the answer and cited explanation

Correct answer: C

The transmission risks follow a clear gradient: HIV is lowest (3/1000), hepatitis C is intermediate (3/100, i.e. 3%), and hepatitis B is highest (approximately 30/100 for unvaccinated recipients exposed to a highly infectious HBeAg-positive source). This gradient means that while HIV dominates the anxiety around sharps injuries, hepatitis B is actually 100 times more likely to be transmitted — making vaccination the single most important protective measure. For hepatitis C, no PEP or vaccine exists, but early treatment of acute infection can prevent chronicity.

Source: Odell 4th Ed, Case 31: Ouch (Sharps Injury)

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Exam preparation FAQ

How are BBFE First Aid & Risk Assessment questions structured in the ADC written exam?

ADC BBFE First Aid & Risk Assessment questions present as clinical vignettes requiring management decisions. The correct answer is always traceable to a guideline source.

Should I memorise guidelines word-for-word for BBFE First Aid & Risk Assessment?

Focus on decision points — when the guideline says X vs Y. The exam tests application, not recitation.

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