Which feature of this diet is most significant for his caries risk?
Caries risk assessment questions in the ADC written exam test your ability to apply the Caries Management System — risk classification, fluoride protocols, and lesion management. This exam-level vignette tests clinical reasoning, not recall.
A 17-year-old student with high caries rate keeps a 4-day diet record. Analysis shows he drinks 3-4 glasses of cola daily between meals, eats cake or biscuits as snacks, and has a sugared hot chocolate before bed. Meals themselves contain adequate nutrition. He says he drinks cola because he studies long hours and needs the energy. Which feature of this diet is most significant for his caries risk?
- A. The total amount of sugar consumed per day
- B. The frequency of cola intake between meals, creating multiple acid attacks throughout the day
- C. The sugared drink immediately before bed, when salivary flow is reduced and clearance time is greatest
- D. The sticky consistency of cake and biscuits, which prolongs oral sugar retention
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Show the answer and cited explanation
While all four features contribute to caries risk, the bedtime sugared drink is the most significant single factor. During sleep, salivary flow drops dramatically. Saliva is the primary buffer against acid attack and the main mechanism for sugar clearance. A sugared drink taken immediately before bed means prolonged acid exposure throughout the entire sleeping period with minimal salivary protection.
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